HYPOTHALAMUS

Healthy dark Feces Feces (also known as faex), are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine. Feces contain a relatively small amount of metabolic waste products such as bacterially-altered bilirubin and dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut. Feces are discharged through the anus or cloaca during defecation. Feces can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner in agriculture. They can also be burned as fuel or dried and used for construction. Some medicinal uses have been found. In the case of human feces, fecal transplants or fecal bacteriotherapy are in use. Urine and feces together are called excreta. Feces should not be runny huge , white nor light in complexion but rather black and small Human feces, or stool, is roughly 75% water and 25% solid waste, including undigested food, bacteria, and other substances. This includes plant fibers (like cellulose) that the body can't digest. A significant portion of the solid matter consists of dead bacteria, both living and dead. Inorganic substances: These include things like calcium and iron phosphate. Fats and cholesterol: A portion of the solid matter is made up of fats and cholesterol. Protein: A small amount of protein is also present. Cell debris: Shed from the mucous membrane of the intestinal tract Bile pigments (bilirubin) Dead leukocytes (white blood cells) Microbes: Bacteria, viruses, archaea / Fresh feces contains around 75% water and the remaining solid fraction is 84–93% organic solids along with some insoluble phosphate salts. These organic solids consist of: 25–54% bacterial biomass, 2–25% protein or nitrogenous matter, 25% carbohydrate or undigested plant matter, and 2–15% fat.

Hippocampus The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse'), also hippocampus proper, is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates. In the human brain the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum are components of the hippocampal formation located in the limbic system. The hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. In humans, and other primates the hippocampus is located in the archicortex, one of the three regions of allocortex, in each hemisphere with direct neural projections to, and reciprocal indirect projections from the neocortex. The hippocampus, as the medial pallium, is a structure found in all vertebrates. In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; short-term memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia: the inability to form and retain new memories. Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was initially discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memories are stored in the brain. In rodents as model organisms, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampi respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex.
men store most their memory in the hippocampus whereas women store memory in the emotional amygdala 

Histone Octamer in biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in LYSINE C6H14N2O2 & ARGiNiNE C6H14N4O2 residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaea phyla. Histones have globular central domains with lysine- and arginine-rich C and N termini these termini make extensive contact with the nucleosomal DNA Lysine is an essential amino acid needed in the human diet Arginine is considered to be a conditionally essential amino acid Lysine and arginine are abundant amino acids in histones, histones are proteins that help organize DNA in cells. Lysine & Arginine amino acids give histones a positive charge that helps histones bind to DNA's negative charge. Histone lysine & arginine residues can be modified by acetylation, citrullination, methylation, ubiquitination & sumoylation these modifications are a major epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene expression. Enzymes that disrupt histones have been linked to a number of human diseases, including cancer, heart disease & diabetes - Histones act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn wrap into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. Histones prevent DNA from becoming tangled and protect it from DNA damage. In addition, histones play important roles in gene regulation and DNA replication. Without histones, unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long. For example, each human cell has about 1.8 meters of DNA if completely stretched out; however, when wound about histones, this length is reduced to about 9 micrometers (0.09 mm) of 30 nm diameter chromatin fibers. There are five families of histones, which are designated H1/H5 (linker histones), H2, H3, and H4 (core histones). The nucleosome core is formed of two H2A-H2B dimers and a H3-H4 tetramer. Histones are best known as major components of the nucleosome structure in eukaryotic cells, contributing to gene transcription regulation. They are characteristically classified into two groups: lysine (Lys) histones (H1, H2A, and H2B) and arginine (Arg) histones (H3 and H4). The tight wrapping of DNA around histones, is to a large degree, a result of electrostatic attraction between the positively charged histones & negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA. Histones may be chemically modified through the action of enzymes to regulate gene transcription. The most common modifications are the methylation of arginine or lysine residues or the acetylation of lysine C6H14N2O2. Methylation can affect how other proteins such as transcription factors interact with the nucleosomes. Lysine acetylation eliminates a positive charge on lysine thereby weakening the electrostatic attraction between histone and DNA, resulting in partial unwinding of the DNA, making it more accessible for gene expression. histones make five type of interaction with DNA: Salt bridges and hydrogen bonds between side chains of basic amino acids (especially lysine C6H14N2O2 & arginine C6H14N4O2 ) & phosphate oxygen on DNA Histones are proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. Arginine, an amino acid, can be modified on histones, particularly by methylation. These modifications, called histone arginine methylation, are catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Arginine methylation, along with other histone modifications, play a crucial role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Histones are highly basic proteins that package and organize DNA within the nucleus. Histones are rich in lysine and arginine residues, which allow them to bind to the negatively charged DNA. Histones form nucleosomes, the basic structural units of chromatin, where DNA is wrapped around histone octamers. Arginine Methylation:  Arginine residues on histone tails can be modified by methylation, a post-translational modification (PTM). This modification is catalyzed by PRMTs. There are three main types of arginine methylation: monomethylarginine (MMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Role of Histone Arginine Methylation: Arginine methylation is involved in regulating chromatin dynamics and gene expression. Arginine methylation can influence the binding of other proteins to histones, affecting chromatin structure and function. This modification can be associated with both active and repressed chromatin states, depending on the specific histone residue and methylation type. Arginine methylation can also be regulated dynamically through demethylation pathways involving enzymes like PAD4 and JMJD6. Significance of Histone Arginine Methylation: It is involved in various cellular processes, including DNA replication, repair, and transcription. Disturbances in histone arginine methylation have been linked to a variety of disease, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of histone arginine methylation is crucial for understanding the regulation of gene expression and the development of disease.

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that coordinates many bodily functions, including: Hormone production: The hypothalamus releases hormones that control the thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands, as well as growth, fluid balance, and milk production. Temperature regulation: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature. Autonomic nervous system: The hypothalamus regulates the autonomic nervous system. Appetite: The hypothalamus controls appetite and weight.  Sleep-wake cycle: The hypothalamus regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Sex drive: The hypothalamus controls sex drive. Emotions and behavior: The hypothalamus influences emotions and behavior. The hypothalamus acts as the body's control center, keeping the body in a stable state called homeostasis. It does this by receiving signals from other parts of the brain and releasing hormones, or by directly influencing the autonomic nervous system. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death that results from iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in cells. It involves depletion in the antioxidant enzymes resulting in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. The Hypothalamus controls growth reproduction & metabolism recently it has been discovered that the Hypothalamus controls ageing it makes a  chemical called NF-KB this chemical speeds up ageing when NF-KB is eliminated mice live longer & healthier
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03ttzl6llQ8
Researchers Reverse Aging in Mice With Stem Cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INk3AGy-QOc&t=10s
Can Science Stop Aging?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPzv0Ns7tJY
IINN Grand Rounds "Hypothalamic Control of Aging and Obesity" by Marianna Sadagurski, Ph D
Overview of the Endocrine System