Laboratory mouse or lab mouse is a small mammal of the order Rodentia which is bred and used for scientific research or feeders for certain pets. Laboratory mice are usually of the species Mus musculus. They are the most commonly used mammalian research model and are used for research in genetics, physiology, psychology, medicine and other scientific disciplines. Mice belong to the Euarchontoglires clade, which includes humans. This close relationship, the associated high homology with humans, their ease of maintenance and handling, and their high reproduction rate, make mice particularly suitable models for human-oriented research. The laboratory mouse genome has been sequenced and many mouse genes have human homologues. Lab mice are sold at pet stores for snake food and can also be kept as pets. Other mouse species sometimes used in laboratory research include two American species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). 28 Months in Mice is = to 80 years in humans 14 months in mice is = to 40 human years ~ Humans share approximately 85% of their protein-coding DNA with mice. While this might seem low, it's important to remember that the remaining 15% accounts for significant differences in physical traits and other biological characteristics between the two species. Protein-coding genes: These are the genes that provide the instructions for building proteins, which are essential for various biological functions. Overall similarity: While the overall similarity is 85%, some genes are more conserved than others. Some genes in humans and mice are 99% identical, while others may be only 60% identical. Non-coding regions: The non-coding regions of the DNA, which don't code for proteins, are generally less similar between humans and mice. Functional elements: When comparing the same DNA region in both species, the functional elements (like gene promoters and enhancers) stand out due to their higher similarity. Despite the differences, mice are valuable models for studying human disease because so much of their DNA is similar to ours, and they share many disease genes. A mouse has an estimated 22,018 protein-coding genes, and a total of ~48,709 genes including other types like long non-coding RNAs. The exact number can vary depending on how different types of genes are categorized, but the number of protein-coding genes is roughly comparable to that of humans. Types of genes in a mouse Protein-coding genes: Around 22,018 Long non-coding RNA genes: Approximately 36,108 Small non-coding RNA genes: Around 6,105, which includes miRNAs, tRNAs, and snRNAs Total genes: Approximately 48,709, according to the GENCODE annotation of the mouse genome .
Rats—specifically the Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the sewer rat—do not just survive in municipal sewer systems; they thrive in them. Sewer environments offer protection from surface predators (cats, hawks, humans) & a steady temperature year-round. Their survival rely on a combination of God given adaptation, exceptional physical capabilities & a highly resilient immune system. Key Adaptation that Keep Sewer Rats Alive 1. Extreme Physical & Respiratory Resilience Short-Term Submersion: Rats can treading water for up to 3 days & can hold their breath underwater for up to 3 minutes . This allow them to easily swim through submerged sewer traps, pipes & water locks (including toilet U-bends). Flexible Skeleton: A rat's rib cage is hinged at the spine, allowing it to collapse its body & squeeze through any gap or pipe as narrow as a quarter (0.75 inches / 20 mm) . Specialized Whiskers (Vibrissae): In pitch-black sewer pipes, rats rely on highly sensitive whiskers to map their environment in 3D without needing visual light . 2 . Broad Diet & Water Immunity Scavenger Digestive System: Sewer rats are opportunistic omnivores. Their stomachs are built to process decaying organic matter, sludge, fats, oils & human food waste carried through wastewater . Toxin Resistance: While sewers harbor dangerous gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) & methane (CH4), municipal sewer lines maintain continuous air flow through street grates & vent stacks, keeping gas concentration below lethal level in most areas. 3 . Hyper-Evolved Immune DefensePathogen Neutralization: Rats carry high baseline titers of neutralising antibodies & possess robust innate immune pathways (such as rapid macrophage response with elevated antimicrobial peptides). This allow them to harbor pathogens like Leptospira, Salmonella, and E. coli without suffering systemic inflammation or organ failure themselves. Strong Stomach Acid: Low gastric pH (often between 1.0 & 2.0) kill the vast majority of ingested bacteria before it can colonize their lower intestinal tract. May the Holy Roman Catholic Church be blessed by God the Father God the Son & God the Holy Spirit Hallelujah Hallelujah Blessed be the word of the Lord for Christ is risen Hallelujah Hallelujah peace be still in Nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti amen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrZrb_Pn1lI
The Life Of A Professional Lab Rat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4OQREcRRhc
Researchers Have Found A Way To Make Mice Live Longer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPymy4QjOZ0
The NSG™ Mouse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZDSqmOnnR0
Human Language Gene Inserted Into Mice Led to Some Bizarre Effects
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSZ9XGaPQO8
The Life Of A Lab Rat | VICE on HBO (Bonus)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBgycpxLWOA
Monkey Business: The Transnational World of Primate Testing | 101 East Documentary
