Tp53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 , or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation. Hence TP53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. The TP53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene (50%>) in human cancer, indicating that the TP53 gene plays a crucial role in preventing cancer formation. TP53 gene encodes proteins that bind to DNA and regulate gene expression to prevent mutations of the genome. In addition to the full-length protein, the human TP53 gene encodes at least 12 protein isoforms. Vitamin B6 activates Tp53 and elevates p21 gene expression in cancer cells and the mouse colon. The nutritional supplements taurine & Panacur Fenbendazole activates Tp53-dependent & independent tumor suppressor mechanisms in various cellular models of ovarian cancer. In vitro experiments have shown that vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can reduce cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through upregulation of Tp53, p21, and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 in T-cell colonies . Furthermore, Harakeh and colleagues demonstrated that the administration of nontoxic doses of ascorbic acid increased the expression of p53 . Vitamin C increases the ability of the anticancer drug bleomycin to produce DSBs, which makes cancer cells more dependent on functional DNA repair for survival . Vitamin B6 activates the p53 pathway, which is responsible for controlling p21 mRNA transcription in HT29, Caco2, LoVo, HEK293T, and HepG2 cancer cells. p21 mRNA levels were higher in the colon of mice fed a diet with adequate vitamin B6 than those fed a vitamin B6-deficient diet, and this may help to understand the antitumor effect of vitamin B6 via the activation of p53 and elevation of p21 mRNA . A previous study suggested that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increased oxidative stress through inhibiting transcription of Nrf2, enhancing DNA damage and activation of p16/Rb and p53/p21 signaling in a 1α(OH)ase−/− mouse model . Folic acid (vitamin B9) might play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis. In humans, the tumor suppressor Tp53 expression in the gastric mucosa was significantly increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 oncogene protein decreased after folic acid supplementation . Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits PDK1 expression through PPARα-mediated induction of p53 and reduction of p65 protein expression and unveils a novel mechanism by which NAC in combination with the PPARα ligand inhibits the growth of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells . β-Carotene, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) protect against oxidative stress but reveal no direct influence on p53 expression in rats subjected to stress . In contrast, β-carotene exacerbates DNA oxidative damage and modifies p53-related pathways of cell proliferation and apoptosis in cultured RAT-1 fibroblasts exposed to tobacco smoke condensate (tar). Quercetin increased the phosphorylation of p53 protein and induced apoptosis of the human leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner . A recent study revealed that quercetin inhibits HeLa cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis induction through the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through p53 induction . Further, apigenin can induce p21, p53, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) proteins in kinase pathways, including protein kinase C delta (PKCd) and ATM, which plays an important role in activating these proteins in colorectal cancer cell growth arrest. Further, kaempferol warrants as an antiangiogenetic agent, which reduced human umbilical vein endothelial cell viability-induced DNA damage and DNA fragmentation through activating the levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 signaling, which were upregulated by ROS-mediated p53/ATM molecules following stimulations of p53 downstream protein levels of Fas/CD95, death receptor 4 (DR4), and DR5 . Another study revealed Acacetin, an O-methylated flavone, which can strongly inhibit tumor growth and induce tumor shrinkage in mice, which is closely correlated with its increasing p53 expression accompanied by decreased retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) and reduced AKT activity in liver cancer cell lines . It was further reported that low Securin levels and high p53 levels play an important role in determining the sensitivity of human colon cancer cells to fisetin. Depletion of securin enhances fisetin-induced apoptosis and decreases the resistance of p53-deficient cells to fisetin and might be an attractive strategy for the treatment of human colon cancers . The inhibitory effect of fisetin against bladder cancer by activation of p53 and downregulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in a rat bladder carcinogenesis model has been documented, which is a safe and efficacious agent and promising therapeutic approach for bladder cancer . Furthermore, Luteolin treatment increases the expression of p53 and p21 proteins and decreases the expression of MDM4 protein in both NSCLC cells and tumor tissues . Theaflavins induced G2/M arrest by modulating the expression of various proteins, which are involved in signaling. Moreover, theaflavins via p53 signaling inhibited Bcl-2 and interfered phagocytes via modulation of I-κB/NF-κB, as well as the expression of VEGF, and the phosphorylation of VEGFR was reduced in LNCaP cells . Furthermore, epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates p53-dependent downstream targets p21/WAF1 and Bax and downregulates NF-κB-dependent Bcl-2 that results in growth arrest & apoptosis in LNCaP cells . Our previous study revealed that effector proteins like Chk1, Chk2, and p53 were found to be phosphorylated in NNK acetate-treated BEAS-2B cells, and pretreatment with apple flavonoids showed a significant reduction in the levels of phosphorylation of ATR, Chk1, and p53 in NNK acetate-treated cells. Apple flavonoids protect BEAS-2B cells challenged against various carcinogens by assisting DNA repair mechanisms. Scientists link elephants' high resistance to cancer to their 20 copies of the p53 gene – the 'guardian of the genome' – compared with the single p53 gene found in other mammals.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RG9caushI0
The Role of p53 in Cancer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SjkIYClAkQ
p53 Tumour Suppressor (2016) by Etsuko Uno wehi.tv
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akALHORX9MY
What Goes Wrong in Cancer?
The brain is 2% of body mass frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe ,pons ,medulla oblongata & brainstem 1 Corinthians 2:16 For who hath known the mind of the Lord, that he may instruct him? But we have the mind of Christ. God created the mind of man whoever is not living with God shall not have the mind of God whoever lives without God shall be mentally insane. 40% of the brain is made of unsaturated fatty acids called omega 3 DHA makes up over 90% of the n-3 PUFAs in the brain and 10%–20% of its total lipids. DHA is especially concentrated in the gray matter DHA comprises approximately 40% of total fatty acids in the brain, while EPA comprises less than 1% of total brain acids. Approximately 50-60% of the brain weight comprises lipids, of which 35% consists of omega-3 PUFAs.The human brain weighs about 3 lbs. (1.4 kilograms) & makes up about 2% of a human's body weight. On average, male brains are about 10% larger than female brains, according to Northwestern Medicine in Illinois. The average male has a brain volume of nearly 78 cubic inches (1,274 cubic centimeters), while the average female brain has a volume of 69 cubic inches (1,131 cubic cm). The cerebrum, which is the main part of the brain located in the front area of the skull, makes up 85% of the brain's weight. The interior structure of a leech is divided into 32 different segments, each of which has its own brain. Silkworms have 11 brains. The brain, which serves as the silkworm's primary control centre, is situated in the centre of the head. Thanks to their nine brains, it seems that octopuses have the benefit of both localized and centralized control over their actions. The human brain is made of 86 billion neurons with over 1 trillion neurons running on 20 to 24 watts of power, each neuron fires 0-50 times a second there are about 120 different type of neurons in the human brain the brain needs Copper to Form conductive pathways on the printed circuit board of the brain & Tin : Used as solder to connect components of your brain. The brain needs Gold, Silver, Palladium, Platinum: Used in connectors, pins, and other critical components of a motherboard for their conductivity and corrosion resistance. Quartz (silicon dioxide): the eye ears and brain need A key component in glass silicon to function properly used in computer displays and other parts of the computer. Bauxite (aluminum oxide) found in Jamaica: Jamaican brains must drink water with bauxite as source of aluminum, used in various motherboard components. Chalcopyrite (copper iron sulfide): as a Personal Computer motherboard the human brainn must be supplied with a source of copper. Cassiterite (tin oxide): the brain as a PC needs a primary source of tin. Sphalerite (zinc sulfide): the brain can't function without a source of zinc and indium. Mica is a group of naturally occurring, layered silicate minerals characterized by their ability to split into thin, flexible sheets, and are known for their use in various applications, including cosmetics, insulation, and electronics Used in coatings and other materials the human brain need mica and cobalt used in batteries. PC Motherboards also contain trace amounts of other elements like antimony, barium, bismuth, boron, cobalt, europium, gallium, germanium, indium, lithium, manganese, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, silver, tantalum, terbium, thorium, titanium, vanadium, and yttrium which the human brain need for proper computation. all these minerals can be purchased from iherb.com a vital kosher supplement with 71 minerals called Nature's Plus Trace Minerals i ordered from iherb.com with no regret Natures Plus Trace Minerals supplement facts 1 Aluminum 2 Antimony 3 Barium 4 Beryllium 5 Bismuth 6 Boron 7 Bromine 8 Calcium 9 Cerium 10 Cesium 11 Chlorine 12 Chromium 13 Cobalt 14 Copper 15 Dysprosium 16 Erbium 17 Europium 18 Fluorine 19 Gadolinium 20 Gallium 21 Germanium 22 Gold 23 Hafnium 24 Holmium 25 indium 26 iodine 27 iridium 28 iron 29 Lanthanum 30 Lithium 31 Lutetium 32 Magnesium 33 Manganese 34 Molybdenum 35 Neodymium 36 Nickel 37 Niobium 38 Nitrogen 39 Oxygen 40 Osmium 41 Palladium 42 Phosphorus 43 Platinum 44 Potassium 45 Praseodymium 46 Rhenium 47 Rhodium 48 Rubidium 49 Ruthenium 50 Samarium 51 Scandium 52 Selenium 53 Silicon 54 Silver 56 Sodium 57 Strontium 58 Sulfur 59 Tantalum Tellurium 60 Terbium 61 Thallium 62 Thorium 63 Thulium 64 Tin 65 Titanium 66 Tungsten 67 Vanadium 68 Ytterbium 69 Yttrium 70 Zinc 71 Zirconium Some studies suggest silica may help protect against memory loss and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease by potentially counteracting the effects of aluminum promoting the excretion of aluminum in the brain. The reaction of the brain to the presence of the silica was examined by light and electronmicroscopy up to one year after the injection. The presence of silica particles in the brain resulted in the proliferation of fibrous astrocytes and macrophages and strongly stimulated the production of collagen fibres in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti peace be still
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI
The Brain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CurW-sIQPxU&list=LL&index=1
Human Nervous System (Part 2) - Brain (Animation)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4_bULdls6w&t=4373s
Secrets Of The Human Brain. A Journey Into the Unknown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_aCCsRCw78g
Introduction: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain Dissections
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMim0uU1yzA
What happens to your brain as you age
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5UuNa8AaDQ
"It is in this Part of the Brain where GOD Communicates with Men" Barbara O'Neill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HM1qps2qLlI
Korean researchers find key cause of bipolar disorder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpXrgJ5aj_4&t=79s
How Does a Child's Brain Develop? | Susan Y. Bookheimer PhD | UCLAMDChat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvBfAqk70LU
Dr. Octavio Choi presents Brain Basics: An Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZLAUu8S-g0
BIO 168 Module 11 - The Cerebrum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZP5RCfegFQ0
An Introduction to the Brain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe3ndaTKjuM
Neuroplasticity Explained: How to Rewire Your Brain for Mental Strength
The thalamus (pl.: thalami; from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is a large mass of gray matter on the lateral walls of the third ventricle forming the dorsal part of the diencephalon (a division of the forebrain). Nerve fibers project out of the thalamus to the cerebral cortex in all directions, known as the thalamocortical radiations, allowing hub-like exchanges of information. It has several functions, such as the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness. Anatomically, it is a paramedian symmetrical structure of two halves (left and right), within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It forms during embryonic development as the main product of the diencephalon, as first recognized by the Swiss embryologist and anatomist Wilhelm His Sr. in 1893.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8SezbBHWJI
Neurology | Thalamus Anatomy & Function
The heart is a muscular organ found in most animals. The human heart beats 60 times a minute, this organ pump blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest, called the mediastinum. In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly, the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while most reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. In all vertebrates, the heart has an asymmetric orientation, almost always on the left side. According to one theory, this is caused by a developmental axial twist in the early embryo. The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate an electric current that causes the heart to contract, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here, it is pumped into pulmonary circulation to the lungs, where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta into systemic circulation, traveling through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries—where nutrients and other substances are exchanged between blood vessels and cells, losing oxygen and gaining carbon dioxide—before being returned to the heart through venules and veins. The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute. Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers it in the long term, and is good for heart health. Cardiovascular disease are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of all human deaths. Of these more than three-quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high Low Density Lipoprotein bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others. Cardiovascular disease do not frequently have symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sound with a stethoscope, as well as with ECG, and echocardiogram which use ultrasound. Specialists who focus on disease of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialty of medicine may be involved in treatment. The heart, in contrast, doesn't get exposed to many carcinogens, just those in the blood. That, combined with the fact that heart cells do not often replicate, is why you don't see much cancer of the heart muscle. Indeed, according to cancer statistic, cancer does not appear to occur at any measurable rate. After birth, the heart makes about 1% to 2% new heart cells per year, a process that continues for the first half of life. In the second half of life, however, the heart cells lose their ability to divide. This degree of myocyte formation ensures that the entire cell population of the heart is replaced approximately every 4.5 years. nearly 30% of the heart can be replaced within 1 year if you take you nitrogen oxide , Hydrogen peroxide and DNA supplements if not you suffer heart attack; scientists found that new heart cells were generated from pre-existing cardiomyocytes rather than progenitor cells. They estimated a yearly renewal rate of less than 1% during normal, healthy conditions. The rate of cell regeneration, they found, declined with age. The most abundant loss of cardiomyocytes occur during a myocardial infarction, when the blood supply to the heart is obstructed, and the affected myocardium succumb to cell death. The myocardial connective tissue maintaining the functional integrity of the heart mainly consist of collagen type I 80% & collagen type III 20%. Along with proteoglycans, elastin and glycoproteins, the sclera is composed of collagen fibrils – with heterotypic structures of types I and III collagen (but including small amounts of types V and VI) – arranged in discontinuous fibers of variable diameters in interlacing fiber bundles or defined lamellar patterns. Heart stem cells, or cardiac stem cells, can come from various sources, including bone marrow, peripheral blood, and even the heart itself, with research exploring their potential for cardiac repair and regeneration. Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs): A mixture of cells from bone marrow, including MSCs, are being explored for heart disease treatment. Bone Marrow-Derived Cells: Studies suggest that a subpopulation of bone marrow-derived cells can differentiate into cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells). Cardiac Stem Cells (CSCs): These are stem cells found within the heart tissue itself, and research is ongoing to understand their role in cardiac regeneration. Cardiospheres: When cardiac stem cells derived from biopsies are allowed to grow in vitro, they form spheres, which are thought to be more committed to a cardiac stem cell fate. Epicardium: The outermost surface of the heart, which play a role in coronary vasculature formation and retain regenerative potential 3. Other Sources: Peripheral Blood: Stem cells can be found in the bloodstream, which can be a source for stem cell therapy. Umbilical Cord Blood: Mayo Clinic report that umbilical cord blood can be a source of stem cells. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): These are stem cells derived from embryos, which can differentiate into various cell type, including heart cells. Silica assures the elasticity of the aorta making the aorta resilient in case of high blood pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_PYnWVoUzM
What happens during a heart attack? - Krishna Sudhir
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pd3TFB0wOI0&t=31s
The heart makers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv3dKgwbJ7U
Anatomy and Physiology of The Heart
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YgRJ70ZIyU
New Research Into Heart Health | Breakthrough
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgAbpwp9gF8
Cardiovascular | Structures and Layers of the Heart
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC5fKdrYi6w
Histology of the Heart – Histology | Lecturio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPKLq-LQjbc
The Difference Between Cardiac Arrest, Heart Attack, and Heart Failure - 3D Animation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kX6Tp8CWFw
Cardiovascular | Electrophysiology | Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System
The human Body God created the human body when God created Adam in the garden of Eden, in this video we take a look at the Kidneys which produce red blood cells and filter out waste fluids. 1 Corinthians 15:35-40 But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do they come? 36 Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die: 37 And that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain: 38 But God giveth it a body as it hath pleased him, and to every seed his own body. 39 All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. 40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuTlwFreqlc
Kidney Failure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CShAIAD-ask
How Your Kidneys Work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZ3BZBBC-Qc
How is urine produced in the body?KIDNEY, NEPHRON, BLADDER FUNCTION|Anatomy of the Urinary System