GENES

Genes In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two type of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA. RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype of the individual. Some biological traits occur under the combined influence of polygenes (a set of different genes) and gene–environment interaction. Some genetic trait are instantly visible, such as eye color or the number of limbs, others are not, such as blood type, the risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life. A gene can acquire mutations in its sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a gene, which may cause different phenotypic traits. Genes evolve due to natural selection and genetic drift of the alleles. When a gene is duplicated, the new copy can evolve a new function.  Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity, composed of specific DNA sequences located on chromosomes within a cell's nucleus. They provide instructions for making proteins, which dictate physical traits and biological functions. Humans have roughly 20,000–25,000 genes, generally inheriting two copies of each—one from each parent. Key Aspect of Genes Structure & Function: Genes are segments of DNA, oftren arranged on chromosomes, that act as blueprints for proteins. While many genes code for proteins, others regulate this process. Inheritance & Variation: Individuals inherit two of each gene (alleles). While most are identical, minor differences (<1%) account for human variation.

Gene Expression: Not all genes are active in every cell; gene expression refer to when a gene is turned on to produce a protein. Health & Disease: Genetic mutation or variation can cause disease & increase susceptibility to condition like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Environmental Interaction: Genes work in tandem with environmental factors to determine trait, behavior, and disease risk. Key Terminology Genome: The complete set of genetic material in an organism. Chromosome: Thread-like structures in the nucleus containing many genes. Mutation: A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Allele: Different versions of the same gene. 

Humans generally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with genes spread across them, dictating everything from physical appearance to internal, unseen biological function May Israel & the Holy Roman Catholic Church be blessed by God the Father God the Son & God the Holy Spirit Hallelujah Hallelujah Blessed be the word of the Lord for Christ is risen Hallelujah Hallelujah  peace be still in Nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti amen