JiMMY CARTER

Prime minister Jean Chretien caricature Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien PC OM CC KC AdE (Canadian French; born January 11, 1934) is a retired Canadian politician and lawyer who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003. He served as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1990 to 2003 and as leader of the Opposition from 1990 to 1993. Born and raised in Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval. A Liberal, he was first elected to the House of Commons in 1963. He served in various cabinet posts under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as minister of Indian affairs and northern development, president of the Treasury Board, minister of finance, and minister of justice. As minister of justice, Chrétien played a key role in the patriation of the Canadian constitution and the establishment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. He unsuccessfully ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1984, losing to John Turner. Chrétien served as deputy prime minister in Turner's short-lived government, which was defeated in the 1984 federal election. He briefly left politics in 1986 amid tensions with Turner and worked in the private sector. After the Liberals were defeated again in 1988, Chrétien returned to politics and won the leadership of the party in 1990, subsequently becoming leader of the Opposition. In the 1993 federal election, Chrétien led the Liberals to a majority government and led the party to two additional majorities in 1997 and 2000. Chrétien became prime minister at a time when Canada was on the brink of a debt crisis as a result of a chronic budget deficit. Adhering to a Third Way economic philosophy, his government produced a series of austerity budgets which drastically cut spending and reformed various programs, resulting in a budget surplus in 1997 (Canada's first since 1969). The latter half of Chrétien's tenure saw consecutive budget surpluses which were primarily used to fund tax cuts and pay down government debt. In national unity issues, Chrétien strongly opposed the Quebec sovereignty movement and led the federalist campaign to a narrow victory in the 1995 Quebec referendum. Afterwards, he implemented a sponsorship program to promote Canada in Quebec and pioneered the Clarity Act to avoid ambiguity in future referendum questions. Chrétien’s government also established the long-gun registry, introduced the harmonized sales tax (HST), oversaw Operation Yellow Ribbon in response to the September 11 attacks, passed the Species At Risk Act and the Youth Criminal Justice Act, and laid the groundwork to legalize same-sex marriage. In foreign policy, Chrétien’s government signed the Kyoto Protocol on climate change and spearheaded the Ottawa Treaty on eliminating anti-personnel landmines. He ordered military intervention during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia and the War in Afghanistan, and opposed participation in the Iraq War. Although his popularity and that of the Liberal Party were seemingly unchallenged for three consecutive federal elections, Chrétien became subject to various political controversies. He was accused of corruption in the Shawinigate and sponsorship scandals, although he has consistently denied any wrongdoing. He also became embroiled in a protracted leadership struggle within the Liberal Party against his finance minister and long-time political rival Paul Martin. In December 2003, amid pressure from the pro-Martin faction of the party and the threat of losing a leadership review, Chrétien resigned as prime minister and retired from politics. Chrétien ranks highly in rankings of Canadian prime ministers. At age 91, Chrétien is the oldest living former Canadian prime minister.

President Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924 – December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he served from 1963 to 1967 in the Georgia State Senate and from 1971 to 1975 as the 76th governor of Georgia. Carter was the longest-lived president in U.S. history and the first to live to 100 years of age. Born & raised in Plains, Georgia, Carter graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1946 and joined the U.S. Navy's submarine service. He returned home after his military service and revived his family's peanut-growing business. Opposing racial segregation, Carter supported the growing civil rights movement, and became an activist within the Democratic Party. He served in the Georgia State Senate from 1963 to 1967 and then as Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. As a dark-horse candidate not well known outside Georgia, Carter won the Democratic nomination and narrowly defeated the incumbent president, Gerald Ford of the Republican Party, in the 1976 presidential election. Carter pardoned all Vietnam War draft evaders on his second day in office. He created a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. Carter successfully pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, and the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. He also confronted stagflation. His administration established the U.S. Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He was the only president to serve a full term without appointing a justice to the Supreme Court. The end of his presidency was marked by the Iran hostage crisis, an energy crisis, the Three Mile Island accident, the Nicaraguan Revolution, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In response to the invasion, Carter escalated the Cold War by ending détente, imposing a grain embargo against the Soviets, enunciating the Carter Doctrine, and leading the multinational boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Carter defeated challenger Ted Kennedy in the 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries but lost the general election in a landslide to Ronald Reagan, the Republican nominee. After leaving the presidency, Carter established the Carter Center to promote and expand human rights; in 2002, he received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in relation to it. He traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations, monitor elections, and further the eradication of infectious diseases. Carter was a key figure in the nonprofit housing organization Habitat for Humanity. He also wrote numerous books, ranging from political memoirs to poetry, while continuing to comment on global affairs, including two books on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Polls of historians and political scientists generally rank Carter as a below-average president. Scholars and the public more favorably view his post-presidency, which was the longest in U.S. history. in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti amen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w86Pu_A8i3A
World leaders pay tribute to former U.S. president Jimmy Carter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWs0aOndrz8
Jimmy Carter, 39th president, dies at 100 | FOX 5 News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9BAUJSM1Qg
CBC News: The National | Jimmy Carter dead at 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSl912YRDyE
WATCH: Jimmy Carter's full Sunday School lesson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLLGsqnwM_Y
Jimmy Carter Sunday school address with Andrew Young - Full video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjEyb6xnfTY
Jimmy Carter: From Peanuts to President | Full Film