BACTERiA

Bacteria God created the bacteria before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by Moses the holy prophet of God it is written in the Holy King James Bible the word of the Lord according to saint Moses the prophet of israel 1450 BC Before Christ Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. amen The human body contains trillions of microorganisms — outnumbering human cells by 10 to 1. Because of their small size, however, microorganisms make up only about 1 to 3 percent of the body's mass (in a 100-pound adult, that's 1 to 3 pounds of bacteria), bacteria play a vital role in human health. Seventy to ninety percent of all cells in the human body are bacteria, representing perhaps 10,000 different species. Genetically we get even less real estate: 99 percent of the unique genes in our bodies are bacteria. Bacteria are small; each is about 1/100th the size of a human cell. Bacteria are like fish swimming in the ocean of your body. As they swim around, they eat and reproduce rapidly. One bacterium can become millions of bacterium in just a few hours. A 2016 study at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel found that our total cell count is 56 per cent bacteria (compared with earlier estimates of 90 per cent). And because bacteria are much smaller, their total mass is only about 200g. So by weight, we are more than 99.7 per cent human bacteria. The microbiome includes approximately 100 trillion bacterial cells. That's 100,000,000,000,000! when compared to other parts of the body, nothing comes close to hosting more bacteria than the belly button. If you're an innie and not an outie, your belly button is home to at least 60 to 100 or more species of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, according to new research. About 40 genes were found to be exclusively shared by humans and bacteria and are candidate examples of horizontal transfer from bacteria to vertebrates. So now what we understand is that all bacteria can talk to each other. They make chemical words, they recognize those words, and they turn on group behaviors that are only successful when all of the cells participate in unison.  From height and section images the bacterial cells were observed to be relatively smooth, rod-shaped, 2.5 µm long, 1.5 µm in diameter and with middle high not exceeding 0.4 µm micrometer. Most bacteria have a genome that consists of a single DNA molecule (i.e., one chromosome) that is several million base pairs in size and is "circular" (doesn't have ends like chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms). Blood has always been considered free from microbes, because bacteria don't grow when it is put in a culture dish. But recent DNA sequencing methods reveal that each millilitre of blood in fact contains around 1000 bacterial cells. These bacteria are usually dormant. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium & Propionibacterium represent the dominant bacterial genera on skin & illustrate how bacteria adapt to life in this harsh environment & also provide us with unique benefits. Since bacteria can divide rapidly, they grow exponentially, doubling over and over until they reach the carrying capacity of their environment, or the maximum amount of organisms an environment can support. Once they reach carrying capacity, they can no longer divide. The current largest known bacterium is Thiomargarita magnifica, described in 2022, at an average length of 10 mm. In 2002 a strain exhibiting 99% identity with Thiomargarita namibiensis was found in sediment cores taken from the Gulf of Mexico during a research expedition. Mycoplasma genitalium, a parasitic bacterium which lives in the primate bladder, waste disposal organs, genital, and respiratory tracts, is thought to be the smallest known organism capable of independent growth and reproduction. With a size of approximately 200 to 300 nm, M. Cyanobacteria: Fossil Record. The cyanobacteria have an extensive fossil record. The oldest known fossils, in fact, are cyanobacteria from Archaean rocks of western Australia, dated 3.5 billion years old. This may be somewhat surprising, since the oldest rocks are only a little older: 3.8 billion years old! Bacteria have both RNA and DNA. The bacteria's genomic chromosome is composed of DNA, as are any extrachromosomal plasmids. The RNAs may be transcripts (i.e. templates for the translation of proteins) or untranslated elements such as ribosomal RNA or small RNAs involved in transcriptional regulation. Some bacteria have a 250-million year lifespan under some special circumstances. Bacteria don't have a fixed lifespan because they don't grow old. But if we assume that the global bacteria population is stable, then it follows that one bacterium must die for each new one that is produced. Bacteria divide somewhere between once every 12 minutes and once every 24 hours. So the average lifespan of a bacterium is around 12 hours or so. Bacteria do not have mitochondria. Bacteria and archaea lack any membrane-bound organelles. If not handled and cleaned up properly, these pathogens can survive and come into contact with unsuspecting individuals, increasing their risk of becoming seriously ill. E. Coli, which is often found in feces, can live on hard surfaces for four days. If the surface is wet, however, this can increase up to 14 days. Plant- and human-pathogenic bacteria can be preserved in pure water or PBS for several years. About 40 genes were found to be exclusively shared by humans and bacteria and are candidate examples of horizontal transfer from bacteria to vertebrates. But more than half the dry weight of poop is bacteria. Some bacteria, such as staphylococcus (staph) and Bacillus cereus, produce toxins not destroyed by high cooking temperatures. Waterborne germs can live and grow in our pipes and in devices that use water, such as humidifiers. Some of these germs can make people sick. Germs especially like to live and grow in water when it is stagnant (not flowing) or when it is not treated with enough water treatment chemicals, such as chlorine. In addition the large intestine contains the largest bacterial ecosystem in the human body. About 99% of the large intestine and feces flora are made up of obligate anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Most abundant bacteria are E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus etc. Bacteria produce energy in essentially the same way as the cells in eukaryotes. Lacking mitochondria however they create a proton gradient along their cellular membrane by pumping protons out of the cell. This gradient then allows them to produce ATP as the protons re-enter the cell. Pelagibacter bacteria are the most abundant life form on earth with something on the order of 2*10^28 individuals. 1 Raw Apple Cider Vinegar, or ACV. With antibiotic and antiseptic properties, ACV can help in weight management and lowering cholesterol and cancer risk. ACV can also be used as a chemical-free astringent if you need to topically disinfect or sterilize a wound. 2 Honey. Pooh Bear had the right idea! Ancient Romans used honey during war to treat their wounds and avoid infections. Honey is the best natural antibiotic out there, bursting with antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and antiseptics. Not to mention, there’s also an enzyme in honey that is known to release hydrogen peroxide (which also fights infection and prevents bacteria growth). Honey can soothe your digestive problems and strengthen your immune system! 3 Turmeric. Tasty and beautiful in color, this spice can protect your body tremendously. You can eat it or use it topically, too! It is mainly used to protect your body against infection and here’s a tip: try mixing it with honey and adding topically to any flesh wound. 4 Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE). Studies show that GSE is effective in killing over 800 different forms and strands of viruses and bacteria and over 100 different strains of fungus and parasites! As if that doesn’t say enough, GSE is also high in antioxidants, can boost your immunity, and help with chronic digestion issues. 5 Garlic. Cultures across the world have long recognized garlic for its preventive and curative powers. According to the American Society for Microbiology, garlic possesses many active antimicrobial components. These include compounds such as allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides, which exhibit a range of antibacterial properties. A 2021 reviewTrusted Source notes that these compounds may be effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria and can provide a framework for the development of future antibiotics.Garlic is delicious and good for you! It can push germs away before you even feel sickness coming on. The allice found in garlic can protect against yeast, parasites, bacteria and more! 6 Echinacea. This herb is not as well known, but still helpful in fighting bacteria. Try consuming this herb when you feel a cold coming on, as it has preventative cold fighters inside. 7 Cabbage contains sulfur & because it is a member of the cruciferous family, it is shown as an effective cancer fighting food. It can help with weight management, improve digestion issues, and prevent disease. Not to mention, one cup of cabbage can provide you with 75% of your daily vitamin C requirement. 8 Fermented Foods. From unpasteurized cabbage to homemade pickles and probiotic yogurts, these foods have amazing benefits for your intestinal tract, fight bacteria and cancer prone cells. 9 Colloidal Silver. Colloidal Silver is a natural antibiotic and is made by a mixture of silver particles that have been suspended in fluid. This treatment is extremely temporary considering overuse of any heavy metals can be considered toxic, however, it fights a harmful enzyme that bad bacteria needs in order to grow and multiply. 10 Ginger the scientific community also recognizes ginger as a natural antibiotic. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, a 2019 review also highlights that ginger possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. A 2022 study suggests that ginger could effectively inhibit a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus species, and Lactobacillus species. 11 Native American and other traditional healers have used echinacea for hundreds of years to treat infections and wounds. A 2022 article notes that echinacea has an antibacterial effect on respiratory bacteria. Studies also suggest that echinacea may possess antiviral properties and could help treat respiratory tract infections in both children & adults. As such, this could help prevent the unnecessary use of antibiotics that could result in drug-resistance. 12 Goldenseal is usually consumed in tea or capsules. Proponents may use goldenseal to help treat respiratory and digestive problems. While more research is necessary, some evidence supports that goldenseal may possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and immune-stimulant properties. 13 Cloves are dried flower buds that come from the clove tree, which people may use as a spice in food or drinks. A 2023 study notes that clove essential oil may possess a strong inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, a 2020 article notes that clove extract may have potential as a new antibacterial agent. 14 Vitamins have remarkable antimicrobial activity in vitro vitamins E, C and K as well as in vivo as immune system stimulators vitamin D3 Yes, bacteria travel in the wind by attaching to dust and other particles, which can carry them for thousands of kilometers across the globe. These airborne microbes, or bioaerosols, can alter or improve ecosystems and potentially affect health when they land in new locations. Excess or undigested sugar in the gut lower the pH through microbial fermentation, producing acidic byproducts. This process, primarily occurring in the large intestine, alter the balance of the gut microbiome & cause gastrointestinal distress. How sugar lower pH in the gut 1. Fermentation by gut bacteria bad bacteria feast on sugar: Most simple sugar are absorbed in the small intestine, but certain sugar, including those poorly absorbed (like fructose) or from excessive intake, reach the large intestine. There, the gut microbiota ferment these sugar to fuel for bad bacteria Acidic byproducts: This fermentation process produce metabolites, including gas and a class of compounds called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Main SCFAs: The primary SCFAs produced are acetate, propionate, and butyrate, all of which are acidic. Lactic acid: The proliferation of lactic-acid-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, is favored in an acidic environment and further contribute to lower gut pH. Consequence of sugar fermentation in the gut are many such as irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptoms: For individuals with sensitive digestive systems, fermentation of excess sugar (like high-FODMAP fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) can exacerbate IBS symptoms, causing bloating, gas, abdominal pain & diarrhea. Auto-brewery syndrome: In rare cases, an overgrowth of fermenting yeast or bad bacteria can produce a significant amount of ethanol in the gut, leading to intoxication-like symptoms. Inflammation: A high-sugar diet can increase the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory gut bacteria while decreasing beneficial type, potentially promoting dysbiosis consequent systemic inflammation & metabolic issues . Oral health: The natural bacteria in your mouth ferment sugar of food & drink, producing acid that attack tooth enamel. This acid production lower the mouth's pH for 20 minutes or more after consuming sugar, creating an environment that lead to cavities.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCvMsOUgfpI
Understanding Bacteria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HD44ItBHHBA
What's Living in You? FULL EPISODE | NOVA Wonders | PBS America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlsizeoBgDU
CLOSTAT - Probiotics - Kemin - Cortical Studios | MoA Animation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7hsp0dENEA
Mysterious Microbes - Full Episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl2GBm23lkE
The bacteria and the brain with Iris Sommer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycO-oWYvaQI
Introduction to the Microbial World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYRkXhT1XEs
Microorganisms and Humans: Commensal and Pathogenic Flora
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IJRzcPC9wg
Taxonomy of Bacteria: Identification and Classification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mg6tXQaiBaI
Bacterial Genetics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BkqWKOG8E0
Staphylococcus: Aureus, Epidermidis, Saprophyticus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ie4Y4CODDuo
Tiny Conspiracies - Bonnie Bassler (Princeton/HHMI)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saWSxLU0ME8
Bonnie Bassler (Princeton) Part 1: Bacterial Communication via Quorum Sensing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoIfNx1EnQQ
"Tiny Conspiracies: Cell-to-Cell Communication in Bacteria," Bonnie Bassler
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayFiGn2fYi8
Bacteria | Structure and Function
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmXIyhqRgv8
Plastic-Eating Bacteria Found in a Trash Dump Ideonella sakaiensis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fOgwAwZMfE
Growth & Nutrition in Bacteria | Microbiology Lecture | AHS Guide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frqOhDbUmIU&list=LL&index=3
Host Microbe Interactions (Microbiome, Pathogens)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikMZGdZ1ev4
Chapter 13 - Host Microbe Interactions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53g3cKETNzI
Microbiology Chap 11 Microbe-Host Interactions

Basal Ganglia The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates. In humans and other primates, differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum. Positioned at the base of the forebrain and the top of the midbrain, they have strong connections with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem and other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including regulating voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit formation, conditional learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion. The main functional components of the basal ganglia include the striatum, consisting of both the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle), the globus pallidus, the ventral pallidum, the substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus.[4] Each of these components has complex internal anatomical and neurochemical structures. The largest component, the striatum (dorsal and ventral), receives input from various brain areas but only sends output to other components of the basal ganglia. The globus pallidus receives input from the striatum and sends inhibitory output to a number of motor-related areas. The substantia nigra is the source of the striatal input of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which plays an important role in basal ganglia function. The subthalamic nucleus mainly receives input from the striatum and cerebral cortex and projects to the globus pallidus. The basal ganglia are thought to play a key role in action selection, aiding in the choice of behaviors to execute. More specifically, they regulate motor and premotor cortical areas, facilitating smooth voluntary movements. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia exert an inhibitory influence on a number of motor systems, and that a release of this inhibition permits a motor system to become active. The "behavior switching" that takes place within the basal ganglia is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in executive functions. It has also been hypothesized that the basal ganglia are not only responsible for motor action selection, but also for the selection of more cognitive actions. Computational models of action selection in the basal ganglia incorporate this. The basal ganglia are of major importance for normal brain function and behaviour. Their dysfunction results in a wide range of neurological conditions including disorders of behaviour control and movement, as well as cognitive deficits that are similar to those that result from damage to the prefrontal cortex. Those of behaviour include Tourette syndrome, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and addiction. Movement disorders include, most notably Parkinson's disease, which involves degeneration of the dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra; Huntington's disease, which primarily involves damage to the striatum; dystonia; and more rarely hemiballismus. The basal ganglia have a limbic sector whose components are assigned distinct names: the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). There is considerable evidence that this limbic part plays a central role in reward learning as well as cognition and frontal lobe functioning, via the mesolimbic pathway from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens that uses the neurotransmitter dopamine, and the mesocortical pathway. A number of highly addictive drugs, including cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine, are thought to work by increasing the efficacy of this dopamine signal. There is also evidence implicating overactivity of the VTA dopaminergic projection in schizophrenia in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti peace be still
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gfunn9cYLNY
Basal Ganglia (Direct vs. Indirect Pathways)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD2KPSGZ1No
2-Minute Neuroscience: Basal Ganglia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxvep2Y8ShI
Neurology | Basal Ganglia Anatomy & Function | Direct & Indirect Pathways

Blood pressure Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats) in the cardiac cycle. It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) above the surrounding atmospheric pressure, or in kilopascals (kPa). The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is known as pulse pressure, while the average pressure during a cardiac cycle is known as mean arterial pressure. Blood pressure is one of the vital signs—together with respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature—that healthcare professionals use in evaluating a patient's health. Normal resting blood pressure in an adult is approximately 120 millimetres of mercury (16 kPa) systolic over 80 millimetres of mercury (11 kPa) diastolic, denoted as "120/80 mmHg". Globally, the average blood pressure, age standardized, has remained about the same since 1975 to the present,[when?] at approximately 127/79 mmHg in men and 122/77 mmHg in women, although these average data mask significantly diverging regional trends. Traditionally, a health-care worker measured blood pressure non-invasively by auscultation (listening) through a stethoscope for sounds in one arm's artery as the artery is squeezed, closer to the heart, by an aneroid gauge or a mercury-tube sphygmomanometer. Auscultation is still generally considered to be the gold standard of accuracy for non-invasive blood pressure readings in clinic. However, semi-automated methods have become common, largely due to concerns about potential mercury toxicity, although cost, ease of use and applicability to ambulatory blood pressure or home blood pressure measurements have also influenced this trend. Early automated alternatives to mercury-tube sphygmomanometers were often seriously inaccurate, but modern devices validated to international standards achieve an average difference between two standardized reading methods of 5 mm Hg or less, and a standard deviation of less than 8 mm Hg. Most of these semi-automated methods measure blood pressure using oscillometry (measurement by a pressure transducer in the cuff of the device of small oscillations of intra-cuff pressure accompanying heartbeat-induced changes in the volume of each pulse). Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, blood volume and arterial stiffness, and varies depending on person's situation, emotional state, activity and relative health or disease state. In the short term, blood pressure is regulated by baroreceptors, which act via the brain to influence the nervous and the endocrine systems. Blood pressure that is too low is called hypotension, pressure that is consistently too high is called hypertension, and normal pressure is called normotension. Both hypertension and hypotension have many causes and may be of sudden onset or of long duration. Long-term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Long-term hypertension is more common than long-term hypotension Yes, coffee, due to its caffeine, can temporarily raise blood pressure, but this effect is usually short-lived and diminishes in regular drinkers due to tolerance. While the long-term impact of regular coffee consumption on blood pressure is minimal and not linked to a higher risk of hypertension, people with high blood pressure should consult their healthcare professional about their individual response to caffeine in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti peace be still
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BMR Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O2/min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met. These criteria include being in a physically and psychologically undisturbed state and being in a thermally neutral environment while in the post-absorptive state (i.e., not actively digesting food). In bradymetabolic animals, such as fish and reptiles, the equivalent term standard metabolic rate (SMR) applies. It follows the same criteria as BMR, but requires the documentation of the temperature at which the metabolic rate was measured. This makes BMR a variant of standard metabolic rate measurement that excludes the temperature data, a practice that has led to problems in defining "standard" rates of metabolism for many mammals. Metabolism comprises the processes that the body needs to function. Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy per unit of time that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether that individual maintains, gains, or loses weight. The basal metabolic rate accounts for about 70% of the daily calorie expenditure by individuals. It is influenced by several factors. In humans, BMR typically declines by 1–2% per decade after age 20, mostly due to loss of fat-free mass, although the variability between individuals is high. Your BMR is your body’s major source of energy expenditure. It fulfills 60% to 70% of the total energy your body uses. Your body uses about 10% of its total energy to process food into fuel. The remaining energy fuels your physical movement. What factors affect my basal metabolic rate? Several factors influence your basal metabolic rate, including: Body size. The more body tissue and cells you have, the more energy your body requires to maintain them. Amount of lean muscle tissue. Muscle tissue requires a lot of energy to maintain itself. Amount of adipose tissue (body fat). Compared to muscle tissue, fat cells require less energy to maintain themselves, but they require energy, nonetheless. Sex. Males generally have a faster BMR because they’re generally larger than females. Males also tend to have more lean muscle mass due to higher testosterone levels. Age. Your BMR decreases with age mainly due to a loss of muscle mass. But hormonal and neurological changes can also affect your BMR as you age. Skipping meals, fasting or starvation. Thanks to God almighty & Jesus Christ God's son , your body is always trying to protect itself from gaining fat. If you consume too few calories, your body will slow down your BMR. Environmental temperature: If you’re in a very cold or very warm environment, your body must work harder to maintain a healthy body temperature (like through shivering or sweating). These scenarios increase your BMR. Thyroid hormone levels. Elevated thyroid hormone levels (hyperthyroidism) increase your BMR. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) decrease your BMR. Illness or injury. When you’re sick or hurt, your BMR increases because your body is busy fighting off an infection and/or repairing tissues. Stimulants. Stimulants like caffeine, nicotine and amphetamines can increase your BMR. Growth. Infants and children require more energy to actively build tissue as they grow. Pregnancy. Your BMR increases during pregnancy due to an increase in body mass and the energy that’s required to grow a fetus. Lactation. Your body requires more energy to make breast milk. Studies show there’s a 15% to 25% increase in energy expenditure for milk production. Menopause. Hormone changes in menopause lead to a decrease in lean muscle mass. This typically decreases your BMR. There’s no such thing as “normal” when it comes to basal metabolic rates. Each person has a BMR unique to their body based on various factors. Scientists can only provide averages when it comes to BMR. The average male has a BMR of around 1,696 calories (7,100 kilojoules) per day. The average female has a BMR of around 1,410 calories (5,900 kilojoules) per day. These estimates may change Because most people don’t have access to this kind of testing, scientists have developed equations to estimate your BMR. The most commonly used equation is called the Harris-Benedict equation: For males: BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x weight in kilograms) + (4.799 x height in centimeters) - (5.677 x age in years). For females: BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x weight in kilograms) + (3.098 x height in centimeters) - (4.330 x age in years). i own a smart scale which calculate my BMR automatic ever since i started ingesting gastroliths my BMR has increased from 1239 Kcal to 1363 Kcal my muscle rate has also increased in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti peace be still
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Bone mineral density the level of bone mineral composition of the femur diaphysis and the distal femur in red-boned (n = 3) and common (n = 3) Guishan goats (mg/kg). The minerals found in the goat bone are Phosphorus , Magnesium ,Sodium ,Sulphur ,Barium ,Potassium ,iron  ,Copper ,Silicoln ,Zinc ,Manganese & Aluminun most people have less bone density than goats
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EWXpkfXzFw
Human Bone Composition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbRLMbDtiaA
What Does Bone Marrow Actually Do?