Edward Barnard God almighty created Europa & Jupiter including all the planets of the universe  Genesis 1:14-19 & God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; & let them be for signs, & for seasons, and for days, & years: & let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: & it was so. 16 & God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, & the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17 & God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18 & to rule over the day & over the night, & to divide the light from the darkness: & God saw that it was good. 19 & the evening and the morning were the fourth day. amen Edward Emerson Barnard (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer. He was commonly known as E. E. Barnard, recognized as a gifted observational astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the high proper motion of Barnard's Star in 1916, which is named in his honor.

Early life Barnard was born in Nashville, Tennessee, on December 16, 1857, to Reuben Barnard and Elizabeth Jane Barnard (née Haywood), & had one brother. His father died three months before his birth, so he grew up in an impoverished family & did not receive much in the way of formal education. His first interest was in the field of photography & became a photographer's assistant at the age of nine. He later developed an interest in astronomy. In 1876 he purchased a 5-inch (130-millimeter) refractor telescope & in 1881 he discovered his first comet, but failed to announce his discovery. He found his second comet later the same year and a third in 1882. While Edward Barnard was still working at a photography studio he was married to the British-born Rhoda Calvert in 1881. In the 1880s, Hulbert Harrington Warner offered $200 (equivalent to $6,000 in 2024) per discovery of a new comet. Barnard discovered a total of five & used the money to build a house for himself and his wife. With his name being brought to the attention of amateur astronomers in Nashville, they collectively raised enough money to give Barnard a fellowship to Vanderbilt University. Edward Barnard never graduated from the school, but did receive the only honorary degree Vanderbilt has ever awarded. He joined the staff of the Lick Observatory in California in 1887, though he later clashed with the director, Edward S. Holden, over access to observing time on the larger instruments and other issues of research & management. Astronomical work Photograph of the delegates posing Barnard at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory, 1910 Barnard observed the gegenschein in 1882, not aware of earlier papers by Theodor Brorsen and T. W. Backhouse. In 1889, Edward Barnard observed the moon Iapetus pass behind Saturn's rings. As he watched Iapetus pass through the space between Saturn's innermost rings & the planet itself, Barnard saw a shadow pass over the moon. Although he did not realize it at the time, he had discovered proof of the "spokes" of Saturn, dark shadows running perpendicular to the circular paths of the rings. These spokes were doubted at first, but confirmed by the spacecraft Voyager 1. In 1892, Edward Barnard made observation of a nova and was the first to notice the gaseous emission, thus correctly deducing that it was a stellar explosion. The same year he also discovered Amalthea, the fifth moon of Jupiter. Edward was the first to discover a new moon of Jupiter since Galileo Galilei in 1609. This was the last satellite discovered by direct visual observation (rather than by examining photographic plates or other recorded images).

In 1895, Edward Barnard joined the University of Chicago as professor of astronomy. There he was able to use the 40-inch (1-meter) telescope at Yerkes Observatory. Much of his work during this period was taking photographs of the Milky Way. Together with Max Wolf, he discovered that certain dark region of the galaxy were actually clouds of gas & dust that obscured the more distant stars in the background. From 1905, his niece Mary R. Calvert worked as his assistant & computer. The faint Barnard's Star is named for Edward Barnard after he discovered in 1916 that it had a large proper motion relative to other stars. This is the second nearest star system to the Sun, second only to the Alpha Centauri system. Edward Barnard was also a pioneering astrophotographer. His Barnard Catalogue lists a series of dark nebulae, known as Barnard objects, giving them numerical designations akin to the Messier catalog. They begin with Barnard 1 and end with Barnard 370. He published his initial list in a 1919 paper published in the Astrophysical Journal, titled "On the Dark Markings of the Sky with a Catalogue of 182 such Objects".

Edward Barnard died on February 6, 1923, in Williams Bay, Wisconsin & was buried in Nashville. After his death, many examples from his exceptional collection of astronomical photographs were published in 1927 as A Photographic Atlas of Selected Regions of the Milky Way, this work having been finished by Mary R. Calvert and Edwin B. Frost, then director of Yerkes Observatory May the Holy Roman Catholic Church observe the stars as Galileo Galilee so interpret time & season to predict the return of our Lord Christ the King be blessed by God the Father God the Son & God the Holy Spirit Hallelujah Hallelujah Blessed be the word of the Lord for Christ is risen Hallelujah Hallelujah peace be still in Nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti amen & amen