iNTERLEUKIN 11

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a cytokine, a type of protein that acts as a signaling molecule, that plays various roles in the body, including hematopoiesis (blood cell production), bone metabolism, and tissue remodeling. It is known for its pleiotropic effects, meaning it can influence multiple tissues and processes. IL-11 has been implicated in both healthy and disease states, including fibrosis and cancer. Hematopoiesis: IL-11 is a hematopoietic cytokine, meaning it supports the growth and development of blood cells, particularly platelets. It stimulates megakaryocyte maturation, which is crucial for platelet production. Bone Metabolism: IL-11 can activate osteoclasts, cells that break down bone, also influences other bone-related cells like chondrocytes. Tissue Remodeling: IL-11 is involved in tissue repair and regeneration, influencing fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix production. It can promote fibrosis, which is the excessive formation of scar tissue, and also play a role in regeneration. Inflammation: IL-11 can have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effect, depending on the context. It reduce the production of other inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-1. Other Effects: IL-11 can affect the nervous system, regulate fat cell formation, and play a role in epithelial cell function. Clinical Relevance: Thrombocytopenia: IL-11 (marketed as Neumega) has been used to prevent severe thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) and reduce the need for platelet transfusions in patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Fibrosis: Elevated IL-11 levels are associated with various fibrotic diseases, including lung fibrosis. Cancer: IL-11 has been implicated in the development and progression of some cancers, including colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Important Considerations: Pleiotropic Effects: The diverse action of IL-11 mean that it has both beneficial and detrimental effect, depending on the situation. Potential Side Effects: While IL-11 can be helpful in certain clinical situations, it can also cause side effects such as anemia, fatigue, and edema. Further Research: The exact role of IL-11 in various disease is still being investigated, and more research is needed to fully understand its potential as a therapeutic target. Activin A (50 ng/ml) induced interleukin 11 secretion in undifferentiated human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). (A) IL11 treatment (100 ng/ml) for 24 h had no effect on activin A mRNA levels. (B) IL11 treatment for 24 h had no effect on activin A protein secretion. (C) Activin A treatment for 24 h had no effect on IL11 mRNA levels. (D) Activin A treatment for 24 h significantly increased IL11 protein secretion from media only control (*). 
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