JEFF BEZOS

James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928 died November 6, 2025) an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist. In 1953, he co-authored with Francis Crick the academic paper in Nature proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. Nine years later, Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". Watson earned degrees at the University of Chicago (Bachelor of Science, 1947) and Indiana University Bloomington (PhD, 1950). Following a post-doctoral year at the University of Copenhagen with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maaløe, Watson worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he first met his future collaborator Francis Crick. From 1956 to 1976, Watson was on the faculty of the Harvard University Biology Department, promoting research in molecular biology. From 1968, Watson served as director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer, along with making it a world-leading research center in molecular biology. In 1994, Watson started as president and served for 10 years. He was then appointed chancellor, serving until his resignation in 2007 after making comments claiming that there is a genetic link between intelligence and race. In 2019, following the broadcast of a documentary where Watson reiterated these views on race and genetics, CSHL revoked his honorary titles and severed all ties with him. Watson has written many science books, including the textbook Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965) and his bestselling book The Double Helix (1968). Between 1988 and 1992, Watson was associated with the National Institutes of Health, helping to establish the Human Genome Project, which completed the task of mapping the human genome in 2003 James Watson, the Nobel Prize-winning co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, made several controversial, racist comments about Black people, most notably in a 2007 interview where he stated he was "inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa" because social policies are based on the premise that "their intelligence is the same as ours - whereas all the testing says not really". Key statements he made include: In a 2007 interview with the Sunday Times, he suggested that Black people's intelligence levels were inherently lower than those of white people. He added that while he hoped everyone was equal, "people who have to deal with black employees find this is not true". In a 2000 lecture, he suggested a link between skin color and sex drive, claiming that melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color) boosted libido and saying, "That's why you have Latin lovers. You never have an English lover, only an English patient". In a 2018 PBS documentary, he reaffirmed his 2007 views, stating his opinions on race and intelligence had not changed because he had "not seen any knowledge" to counter them. Watson's comments were widely condemned by the scientific community as "reprehensible, unsupported by science" and led to him being stripped of most of his honorary titles and administrative duties at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory where he had worked for decades in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti missa orationis peace be still amen
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0kfjDpH3kE
James Watson on DNA, the human genome, and his controversial life

Jeffrey Preston Bezos caricature ( né Jorgensen; born January 12, 1964) is an American businessman best known as the founder, executive chairman, and former president and CEO of Amazon, the world's largest e-commerce and cloud computing company. According to Forbes, as of May 2025, Bezos's estimated net worth exceeded $220 billion, making him the third richest person in the world. He was the wealthiest person from 2017 to 2021, according to Forbes and the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. Bezos was born in Albuquerque and raised in Houston and Miami. He graduated from Princeton University in 1986 with a degree in engineering. He worked on Wall Street in a variety of related fields from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos founded Amazon in mid-1994 on a road trip from New York City to Seattle. The company began as an online bookstore and has since expanded to a variety of other e-commerce products and services, including video and audio streaming, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. It is the world's largest online sales company, the largest Internet company by revenue, and the largest provider of virtual assistants and cloud infrastructure services through its Amazon Web Services branch. Bezos founded the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight services company Blue Origin in 2000. Blue Origin's New Shepard vehicle reached space in 2015 and afterwards successfully landed back on Earth; he flew into space on Blue Origin NS-16 in 2021. He purchased the major American newspaper The Washington Post in 2013 for $250 million and manages many other investments through his venture capital firm, Bezos Expeditions. In September 2021, Bezos co-founded Altos Labs with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner. The first centibillionaire on the Forbes Real Time Billionaires Index and the second ever to have achieved the feat since Bill Gates in 1999, Bezos was named the "richest man in modern history" after his net worth increased to $150 billion in July 2018. In August 2020, according to Forbes, he had a net worth exceeding $200 billion. On July 5, 2021, Bezos stepped down as the CEO and president of Amazon and took over the role of executive chairman. Amazon Web Services CEO Andy Jassy succeeded Bezos as the CEO and president of Amazon in nomine Patris et FiLii et Spiritus Sancti missa orationis peace be still amen
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YveJ7IRtX5M
The Journeys of America's Richest Men | Oligarchs | US Documentary

Jensen Huang caricature Jen-Hsun Huang (Chinese: 黃仁勳; pinyin: Huáng Rénxūn; Tâi-lô: N̂g Jîn-hun; born February 17, 1963), commonly known as Jensen Huang, is a Taiwanese and American business executive, electrical engineer, and philanthropist who is the founder, president, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Nvidia, the world's largest company by market capitalization. In 2025, Bloomberg Billionaires Index estimated his net worth at US$179 billion, making Huang the eighth-wealthiest individual in the world. The son of Taiwanese American immigrants, Huang spent his childhood in Taiwan and Thailand before moving to the United States, where he was a student in Kentucky and Oregon. After earning his master's degree from Stanford University, Huang launched Nvidia in 1993 from a local Denny's restaurant at age 30 and has remained president and CEO since its founding. He led the company out of near-bankruptcy during the 1990s and oversaw its expansion into GPU production, high-performance computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Under Huang, Nvidia experienced rapid growth during the AI boom, becoming the first company to reach a market capitalization of over $5 trillion in October 2025. In 2021 and 2024, Time magazine included Huang in their Time 100 list of the most influential people.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QC9X_QW52k
Nvidia's Explosive Rise from Zero to $3 Trillion (Documentary)