Okapi for Adam & Eve God created the Okapi before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by saint Moses the holy jewish prophet of israel Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so.The okapi (Okapia johnstoni), also known as the forest giraffe, Congolese giraffe and zebra giraffe, is an artiodactyl mammal that is endemic to the northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa. However, non-invasive genetic identification has suggested that a population has occurred south-west of the Congo River as well. It is the only species in the genus Okapia. Although the okapi has striped markings reminiscent of zebras, it is most closely related to the giraffe. The okapi and the giraffe are the only living members of the family Giraffidae. The okapi stands about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall at the shoulder and has a typical body length around 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). Its weight ranges from 200 to 350 kg (440 to 770 lb). It has a long neck, and large, flexible ears. Its coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs, and white ankles. Male okapis have short, distinct horn-like protuberances on their heads called ossicones, less than 15 cm (5.9 in) in length. Females possess hair whorls, and ossicones are absent. Okapis are primarily diurnal, but may be active for a few hours in darkness. They are essentially solitary, coming together only to breed. Okapis are herbivores, feeding on tree leaves and buds, grasses, ferns, fruits, and fungi. Rut in males and estrus in females does not depend on the season. In captivity, estrus cycles recur every 15 days. The gestational period is around 440 to 450 days long, following which usually a single calf is born. The juveniles are kept in hiding, and nursing takes place infrequently. Juveniles start taking solid food from three months, and weaning takes place at six months. Okapis inhabit canopy forests at altitudes of 500–1,500 m (1,600–4,900 ft). The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources classifies the okapi as endangered. Major threats include habitat loss due to logging and human settlement. Illegal mining and extensive hunting for bushmeat and skin have also led to a decline in populations. The Okapi Conservation Project was established in 1987 to protect okapi populations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nC0rbYTXcHM
A Pregnant Okapi Gives Birth at Animal Kingdom (Full Episode) | Magic of Disney's Animal Kingdom
Orangutan God created the Orangutan before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by saint Moses the holy jewish prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. Orangutan are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. They are now found only in parts of Borneo and Sumatra, but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China. Classified in the genus Pongo, orangutans were originally considered to be one species. From 1996, they were divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus, with three subspecies) and the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii). A third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis), was identified definitively in 2017. The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae, which diverged genetically from the other hominids (gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans) between 19.3 and 15.7 million years ago. The most arboreal of the great apes, orangutans spend most of their time in trees. They have proportionally long arms and short legs, and have reddish-brown hair covering their bodies. Adult males weigh about 75 kg (165 lb), while females reach about 37 kg (82 lb). Dominant adult males develop distinctive cheek pads or flanges and make long calls that attract females and intimidate rivals; younger subordinate males do not and more resemble adult females. Orangutans are the most solitary of the great apes: social bonds occur primarily between mothers and their dependent offspring. Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet, but they will also eat vegetation, bark, honey, insects and bird eggs. They can live over 30 years, both in the wild and in captivity. Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates. They use a variety of sophisticated tools and construct elaborate sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. The apes' learning abilities have been studied extensively. There may be distinctive cultures within populations. Orangutans have been featured in literature and art since at least the 18th century, particularly in works that comment on human society. Field studies of the apes were pioneered by primatologist Birutė Galdikas and they have been kept in captive facilities around the world since at least the early 19th century. All three orangutan species are considered critically endangered. Human activities have caused severe declines in populations and ranges. Threats to wild orangutan populations include poaching (for bushmeat and retaliation for consuming crops), habitat destruction and deforestation (for palm oil cultivation and logging), and the illegal pet trade. Several conservation and rehabilitation organisations are dedicated to the survival of orangutans in the wild.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gggrx0_EuRE
Are Orangutangs The Most Intelligent Primate In The Animal Kingdom? | WILD ASIA | Real Wild
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3hJgI2UrSg
Most Watched Orangutan Jungle School Videos 🥺 Smithsonian Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sk1Z-_LtmjE&t=455s
Borneo’s Hidden Rainforest Secrets – Incredible Wildlife & Untouched Nature | Full Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6GooJNJ7BU
The Woman Who Saved the Orang-utans | FULL DOCUMENTARY |SLICE WHO
Orca God created the Orca before God created the garden of Eden as recorded by saint Moses the holy jewish prophet of God Genesis 1:24 & God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, & creeping thing, & beast of the earth after his kind: & it was so. The orca (Orcinus orca), or killer whale, is a toothed whale and the largest member of the oceanic dolphin family. The only extant species in the genus Orcinus, it is recognizable by its black-and-white-patterned body. A cosmopolitan species, it inhabits a wide range of marine environments, from Arctic to Antarctic regions to tropical seas. Orcas are apex predators with a diverse diet. Individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey, including fish, sharks, rays, and marine mammals such as seals, dolphins, and whales. They are highly social, with some populations forming stable matrilineal family groups (pods). Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviors, often unique to specific groups and passed down from generation to generation, are considered to be manifestations of animal culture. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the orca's conservation status as data deficient as multiple orca types may represent distinct species. Some local populations are threatened or endangered due to prey depletion, habitat loss, pollution (by PCBs), captures for marine parks, and conflicts with fisheries. In late 2005, the southern resident orcas were added on the U.S. Endangered Species list. Orcas rarely pose a threat to humans, and no fatal attack has been recorded in the wild. However, captive orcas have injured or killed their handlers in marine theme parks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ldcETEXDgI&t=10s
Killer Whales: Up Close and Personal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zoqNfwHIk8
Cascadia - A Place Where Giants Roam | Free Documentary Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXV1wLv5Qq0&t=106s
THE ANTARCTICA | Survival in the Realm of Giants | Animal documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqF01zPj6A4
The Planet's Most Enigmatic Sea Creatures | 4K |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KShczhwuyrI
Killer Whales - The Amazing Journey of a Young Orca | Free Documentary Nature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMgd7jwNUQo
KILLER WHALES: Incredible Hunting Strategies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymNiIEyrU00
Skagerrak: The hunting grounds of the Orcas | Full Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzSDZpG8ZW0
Lords Of The Deep: Killer Whales I Dubbed In English
Oxidation Redox ( reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction: 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of a reactant change & that reduction and oxidation occur at the same time in a reaction. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state. There are two classes of redox reactions: Electron-transfer – Only one (usually) electron flows from the atom, ion or molecule being oxidized to the atom, ion, or molecule that is reduced. This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. Atom transfer – An atom transfers from one substrate to another. For example, in the rusting of iron, the oxidation state of iron atoms increases as the iron converts to an oxide, and simultaneously the oxidation state of oxygen decreases as it accepts electrons released by the iron. Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides, other chemical species can serve the same function. In hydrogenation, bonds like C=C are reduced by transfer of hydrogen atoms. Yes, metallic implants in the human body are susceptible to corrosion, a process known as biocorrosion or biomedical corrosion. The human body is a surprisingly aggressive environment for metals, and the corrosion of implants can lead to implant failure and adverse health effects, including allergic reactions, inflammation, and toxicity from released metal ions. The corrosive bodily environment Several factors within the body can promote the corrosion of metallic implants: Electrolytic fluids: Body fluids like blood, saliva, and interstitial fluid contain chloride ions and other electrolytes, creating a conducive medium for electrochemical corrosion. Dissolved oxygen: The oxygen content can vary widely throughout the body. While some areas are well-oxygenated, others are hypoxic. These differences can create aeration cells that trigger localized corrosion. Variable pH: Although the body maintains a stable pH overall (homeostasis), local pH can drop significantly in areas of inflammation or infection, such as around a new surgical implant or a failing dental implant. Biological macromolecules: Proteins can influence the corrosion process in different ways. They can either form a protective barrier on the implant surface or bind to metal ions, effectively transporting them away and encouraging more metal dissolution. Types of corrosion in medical implants Medical implants are subject to several types of corrosion: Pitting: Localized attacks on the metal surface create small pits or holes. This is often initiated by chloride ions in body fluids breaking down the passive oxide layer. Crevice corrosion: Occurs in confined spaces, like the interface between a screw and a plate, where oxygen is limited. This creates an oxygen concentration cell that drives corrosion. Galvanic corrosion: This happens when two dissimilar metals are in contact within the body's electrolyte solution. The more "active" metal corrodes at an accelerated rate. For instance, a dental implant made of titanium may corrode if it comes into contact with a dental restoration made of a less corrosion-resistant alloy. Fretting corrosion: Caused by micromotion between two contacting components, such as a modular hip replacement. This motion repeatedly disrupts the implant's protective oxide layer, leading to corrosion and wear. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC): Microbes can form biofilms on implant surfaces. Their metabolic activities can create microenvironments with lower pH or different oxygen levels that accelerate corrosion, especially in dental implants. Adverse effects of implant corrosion The corrosion of metallic implants can trigger several adverse health responses: Toxic reactions: Elevated levels of metal ions can cause toxic reactions in the tissues and organs. Some metal ions are more reactive and toxic than others. Metallosis: The accumulation of corrosion products in the tissue adjacent to an implant can lead to a dark discoloration and local tissue destruction. Inflammation and osteolysis: The body's immune system, primarily macrophages, can be activated by corrosion debris. This immune response leads to chronic inflammation and osteolysis (bone destruction), which can cause the implant to loosen and fail. Hypersensitivity: Some people develop an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction to certain metals, most commonly nickel, which is present in stainless steel implants. This can cause eczema and inflammation at the implant site. Systemic effects: Released metal ions can be transported systemically and may accumulate in organs like the liver and kidneys, though the long-term systemic effects are still being researched. Managing implant corrosion To minimize the effects of biocorrosion, biomaterials engineers and medical professionals employ several strategies: Selecting corrosion-resistant materials: For long-term implants, highly corrosion-resistant materials like titanium alloys and certain cobalt-chromium alloys are preferred over more susceptible materials like stainless steel. Limiting galvanic couples: Surgeons are trained to avoid implanting dissimilar metals in proximity to one another to prevent galvanic corrosion. Improving surface finishes: Techniques like electropolishing can create a more uniform and robust passive layer on the surface of medical devices, which improves corrosion resistance. Preventing biofilm formation: For devices like dental implants, maintaining a low microbial load through good hygiene is critical to prevent MIC. Advanced coatings: Research is ongoing into new surface coatings, such as bioceramics, that can make implants more resistant to corrosion and enhance biocompatibility.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0wJ4JfR5wI
Faraday's Electrochemistry: The Mysterious Nature of Oxidation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pgxRXlz30Q
Rust vs Corrosion: The Science of Metal Decay